9+ Easy Ways to Pay Jamaica Property Tax Online Now


9+ Easy Ways to Pay Jamaica Property Tax Online Now

Settling Jamaican property tax liabilities by means of digital platforms gives a handy and environment friendly various to conventional cost strategies. This usually includes accessing a chosen authorities portal or approved third-party web site and finishing the mandatory transaction utilizing numerous digital cost choices. For instance, property house owners would possibly make the most of credit score/debit playing cards, financial institution transfers, or different on-line cost companies to meet their tax obligations remotely.

Using digital platforms for property tax remittances supplies a number of benefits. It streamlines the cost course of, eliminating the necessity for bodily visits to tax places of work or mailing checks, thereby saving time and sources. On-line cost programs typically supply quick transaction affirmation and generate digital receipts, enhancing record-keeping and transparency. Moreover, well timed on-line funds might help property house owners keep away from penalties or curiosity related to late remittances. The shift in the direction of digital tax funds additionally contributes to the general modernization of presidency companies and promotes effectivity in income assortment.

This text will delve into the precise procedures concerned in remitting property taxes on-line in Jamaica, outlining the steps, mandatory data, out there platforms, and potential challenges. It should additionally discover the broader implications of this digital transformation for each property house owners and the Jamaican tax administration.

1. Official Cost Portal

The official cost portal serves because the designated on-line platform for remitting property taxes in Jamaica. It represents the crucial hyperlink between property house owners and the tax authority, enabling safe and environment friendly digital transactions. Accessing the right portal is paramount to make sure funds are correctly credited and acknowledged by the federal government. Using unofficial or fraudulent web sites poses important dangers, together with misappropriation of funds and potential authorized issues. For example, counting on a third-party website with out correct authorization might result in cost delays or non-recognition by the tax authority, leading to penalties and additional issues. Due to this fact, verifying the legitimacy of the cost portal is an important first step within the on-line cost course of.

The official portal usually supplies a structured interface guiding customers by means of the mandatory steps for cost. This typically consists of fields for coming into the property’s Valuation Quantity, cost quantity, and cost particulars. The portal may supply options reminiscent of transaction historical past retrieval and cost affirmation downloads. Moreover, professional authorities portals adhere to stringent safety protocols, safeguarding delicate monetary data. This contrasts sharply with unofficial platforms, which can lack satisfactory safety measures, exposing customers to potential knowledge breaches and monetary dangers. Selecting the official portal gives not solely comfort but in addition ensures the integrity and safety of the transaction.

In abstract, profitable on-line property tax cost hinges on using the official authorities portal. This ensures correct cost allocation, safe transaction processing, and entry to important options like cost historical past and affirmation receipts. Due diligence in verifying the portal’s authenticity is important to mitigate dangers related to fraudulent web sites and shield delicate monetary data. This cautious number of the right platform varieties the muse for a easy and legally compliant property tax cost course of.

2. Valuation Quantity

The Valuation Quantity holds important significance inside the on-line property tax cost system in Jamaica. Serving as a novel identifier for every property, it ensures correct allocation of funds and prevents misidentification or misdirection of funds. Understanding its operate and relevance is essential for profitable on-line tax remittance.

  • Distinctive Identification:

    Every property in Jamaica is assigned a definite Valuation Quantity. This quantity differentiates properties and permits the tax authority to exactly determine the precise property for which the tax cost is being made. Very similar to a social safety quantity identifies a person, the Valuation Quantity distinguishes particular person properties inside the nationwide database. With out this distinctive identifier, precisely allocating tax funds and sustaining organized information can be considerably more difficult.

  • Correct Cost Allocation:

    Coming into the right Valuation Quantity in the course of the on-line cost course of is essential. This ensures that the cost is accurately utilized to the supposed property. Utilizing an incorrect quantity might lead to cost being utilized to a unique property or rejected altogether. Think about paying property taxes, however resulting from a typo within the Valuation Quantity, the cost is credited to a different property proprietor. The results might vary from penalties for non-payment to prolonged administrative processes to rectify the error.

  • Retrieval of Property Data:

    The Valuation Quantity can also be used to entry particular property data inside the on-line system. This will embody particulars concerning the property’s assessed worth, excellent taxes, and cost historical past. For instance, a property proprietor can use their Valuation Quantity to view their present tax legal responsibility or affirm earlier funds made on-line. This entry to data enhances transparency and permits property house owners to take care of correct information of their tax obligations.

  • Stopping Fraud and Errors:

    Using Valuation Numbers helps forestall fraud and minimizes errors within the cost course of. It supplies a layer of safety, making it harder for unauthorized funds or incorrect allocations to happen. For example, if somebody makes an attempt to pay taxes on a property utilizing an incorrect Valuation Quantity, the system can flag this discrepancy, doubtlessly stopping fraudulent exercise. This safeguard protects each property house owners and the integrity of the tax assortment course of.

In conclusion, the Valuation Quantity serves as a cornerstone of the net property tax cost system. Its use ensures correct cost allocation, facilitates entry to property data, and enhances safety. With out the right Valuation Quantity, navigating the net cost course of and guaranteeing correct allocation of funds turns into considerably extra difficult. Due to this fact, understanding its operate and significance is paramount for each property proprietor using on-line cost platforms in Jamaica.

3. Cost Strategies

The supply of numerous cost strategies is integral to the accessibility and effectivity of on-line property tax funds in Jamaica. Providing numerous choices caters to totally different preferences and circumstances, guaranteeing a seamless expertise for property house owners. Understanding the out there strategies and their respective traits is important for profitable on-line transactions.

  • Credit score/Debit Playing cards:

    Extensively accepted for on-line transactions, credit score and debit playing cards supply a handy and quick cost methodology. Property house owners can make the most of Visa, Mastercard, or different accepted card networks to remit their taxes straight by means of the net portal. For instance, a property proprietor can enter their card particulars, together with the cardboard quantity, expiry date, and CVV, to finish the cost securely. This methodology gives quick processing, permitting for well timed cost and affirmation.

  • On-line Financial institution Transfers:

    On-line banking platforms facilitate direct transfers of funds from a property proprietor’s checking account to the tax authority’s account. This methodology requires linking the net banking account to the cost portal and authorizing the switch electronically. For example, a property proprietor logged into their on-line banking portal can choose the “Pay Payments” possibility, select the property tax class, and enter the required cost particulars. On-line financial institution transfers supply a safe and verifiable cost methodology.

  • Third-Get together Cost Processors:

    Some jurisdictions make the most of third-party cost processors to deal with on-line tax funds. These platforms act as intermediaries, facilitating transactions between property house owners and the tax authority. For instance, a authorities would possibly associate with a cost gateway like PayPal or an identical service, permitting taxpayers to make the most of their present accounts on these platforms to make funds. This provides one other layer of comfort for these already utilizing such companies.

  • Pre-Licensed Debit Agreements:

    Establishing a pre-authorized debit settlement permits property house owners to schedule recurring tax funds mechanically. This ensures well timed cost with out requiring guide intervention for every cost cycle. For instance, a property proprietor can authorize the tax authority to debit their checking account on a particular date every year for the annual property tax quantity. This automated method simplifies the method and minimizes the chance of late funds.

The number of cost strategies out there for on-line property tax funds in Jamaica contributes considerably to the system’s general user-friendliness and accessibility. By providing choices starting from quick card funds to scheduled financial institution debits, the system caters to numerous wants and preferences. This flexibility ensures that property house owners can choose the tactic most handy for his or her particular person circumstances, selling environment friendly and well timed tax remittance.

4. Safe Transactions

Safe transactions are paramount when remitting property taxes on-line in Jamaica. The sensitivity of economic data necessitates strong safety measures to guard property house owners from potential fraud, knowledge breaches, and identification theft. A safe on-line cost atmosphere fosters belief and encourages broader adoption of digital tax cost strategies. Compromised safety, conversely, can erode public confidence and deter people from using on-line platforms.

A number of key elements contribute to a safe on-line transaction atmosphere. Knowledge encryption safeguards delicate data transmitted in the course of the cost course of, rendering it unreadable to unauthorized events. Safe Socket Layer (SSL) certificates, indicated by a padlock icon within the internet browser, confirm the web site’s authenticity and encrypt communication between the person’s browser and the server. Multi-factor authentication provides an additional layer of safety, requiring customers to confirm their identification by means of a number of channels, reminiscent of a password and a one-time code despatched to their cell system. For instance, a person would possibly enter their password after which obtain a textual content message with a novel code to enter earlier than accessing their account or finishing a transaction. This mitigates the chance of unauthorized entry even when a password is compromised.

The sensible significance of safe transactions extends past particular person safety. A safe system advantages the Jamaican authorities by sustaining the integrity of the tax assortment course of and stopping income loss resulting from fraudulent actions. It additionally strengthens the general digital ecosystem, encouraging wider adoption of on-line authorities companies and fostering higher effectivity in public administration. Challenges stay, together with the evolving nature of cyber threats and the necessity for steady adaptation of safety measures. Nonetheless, prioritizing safe transactions is important for constructing and sustaining public belief in on-line property tax funds, finally contributing to a extra environment friendly and clear income assortment system.

5. Deadline Adherence

Adhering to cost deadlines is a crucial side of managing property tax obligations in Jamaica, significantly inside the context of on-line cost programs. Well timed submission of funds, whether or not by means of conventional or digital strategies, ensures compliance with authorized necessities and avoids penalties. The results of lacking deadlines can vary from financial fines to authorized motion, doubtlessly impacting property possession. For instance, constant failure to satisfy cost deadlines might result in liens being positioned on the property, jeopardizing the proprietor’s title and doubtlessly leading to foreclosures.

On-line platforms, whereas providing comfort and suppleness, additionally introduce particular deadline concerns. System downtimes, technical points, or processing delays, although rare, might have an effect on well timed cost submission. Due to this fact, relying solely on last-minute on-line funds carries inherent dangers. Planning forward and initiating the cost course of properly upfront of the deadline supplies a buffer towards unexpected circumstances. For example, initiating cost per week earlier than the deadline permits ample time to deal with potential technical glitches or cost processing delays. This proactive method mitigates the chance of incurring late cost penalties resulting from circumstances past the property proprietor’s management.

Understanding the connection between deadline adherence and on-line property tax funds is important for accountable property possession. Well timed cost, facilitated by environment friendly on-line programs, contributes to a easy and compliant tax administration course of. Conversely, neglecting deadlines, even unintentionally resulting from technical points or procrastination, can lead to important monetary and authorized repercussions. This underscores the significance of proactive planning, using the comfort of on-line platforms responsibly, and sustaining consciousness of cost deadlines to keep away from pointless penalties and preserve good standing with the tax authorities.

6. Affirmation Receipt

Inside the framework of on-line property tax funds in Jamaica, the affirmation receipt assumes crucial significance as tangible proof of profitable transaction completion. Serving as a verifiable report, it protects property house owners towards potential disputes relating to cost standing and supplies important documentation for monetary record-keeping. A affirmation receipt gives concrete proof that the cost has been efficiently processed and acquired by the related tax authority.

  • Proof of Cost:

    The first operate of a affirmation receipt is to function irrefutable proof of cost. It paperwork the transaction particulars, together with the date, quantity paid, property identification (Valuation Quantity), and cost methodology used. This data validates the transaction and supplies authorized safety towards claims of non-payment. Think about a situation the place a property proprietor receives a discover for unpaid taxes regardless of having made the cost on-line. The affirmation receipt acts as definitive proof, resolving the discrepancy and stopping undue penalties.

  • File-Preserving and Auditing:

    Affirmation receipts play a significant function in monetary record-keeping, each for particular person property house owners and for auditing functions. Sustaining organized information of property tax funds simplifies monetary administration and facilitates correct reporting. Throughout audits or monetary evaluations, these receipts function verifiable documentation, substantiating claimed deductions or demonstrating compliance with tax obligations. This organized record-keeping will be invaluable throughout property gross sales, mortgage functions, or different monetary transactions.

  • Dispute Decision:

    In circumstances of discrepancies or disputes relating to property tax funds, the affirmation receipt serves as a vital piece of proof. It might probably resolve points associated to misapplied funds, incorrect quantities, or lacking information. For example, if a cost is mistakenly utilized to the fallacious property or recorded with an incorrect quantity, the affirmation receipt supplies the mandatory data to rectify the error and guarantee correct allocation. This prevents extended disputes and ensures correct record-keeping.

  • Digital Storage and Accessibility:

    With on-line property tax funds, affirmation receipts are usually issued electronically. This permits for handy digital storage, eliminating the necessity for bodily submitting and facilitating straightforward retrieval when wanted. Property house owners can save digital copies of their receipts on their computer systems, cell gadgets, or cloud storage companies, guaranteeing safe and readily accessible information. This contrasts with paper receipts, which will be simply misplaced, broken, or misplaced over time.

The affirmation receipt, due to this fact, represents a vital part of the net property tax cost system. It supplies irrefutable proof of cost, facilitates correct record-keeping, aids in dispute decision, and gives the comfort of digital storage. This safe and verifiable report enhances transparency and accountability inside the system, benefiting each property house owners and tax authorities. By understanding its significance and using it successfully, property house owners can guarantee a easy and compliant tax cost expertise whereas sustaining correct monetary information.

7. Penalty Avoidance

Penalty avoidance represents a big motivator and sensible benefit related to on-line property tax funds in Jamaica. The Jamaican authorities, like many jurisdictions, imposes penalties for late property tax funds. These penalties can accrue considerably over time, including substantial prices to the unique tax legal responsibility. On-line cost platforms, by facilitating well timed and environment friendly remittance, supply a direct technique of avoiding these penalties. For instance, a property proprietor going through a deadline can rapidly and simply submit cost on-line, even on the final day, avoiding the penalties that might end result from delayed cost by means of conventional mail or in-person strategies.

The power to keep away from penalties by means of on-line cost has a number of sensible implications. It reduces the monetary burden on property house owners, permitting them to allocate funds extra successfully. It additionally simplifies monetary planning, eliminating the necessity to think about potential penalty prices. Moreover, it promotes a extra optimistic relationship between taxpayers and the federal government by decreasing the chance of disputes arising from late funds and related penalties. For example, a property proprietor who constantly pays on-line and avoids penalties is more likely to have a smoother and extra optimistic interplay with the tax authorities in comparison with somebody steadily going through late cost penalties.

Nonetheless, whereas on-line cost gives a handy path to penalty avoidance, it’s essential to know that the mere availability of on-line platforms doesn’t assure penalty avoidance. Technical difficulties, on-line cost processing instances, and person errors can nonetheless result in late funds even when making an attempt to pay on-line. Due to this fact, property house owners should stay conscious of cost deadlines, provoke funds properly upfront, and guarantee correct cost data to totally leverage the penalty avoidance advantages of on-line cost programs. Proactive planning and accountable utilization of on-line platforms are important for maximizing the potential for penalty avoidance and sustaining compliance with property tax obligations.

8. Entry Wherever

The “entry anyplace” functionality inherent in on-line property tax cost programs represents a big departure from conventional cost strategies. This characteristic, enabled by the ubiquity of internet-connected gadgets, essentially alters the interplay between property house owners and tax authorities in Jamaica. It removes geographical constraints and expands the window of alternative for well timed cost, impacting each particular person taxpayers and the broader tax assortment system.

  • Geographic Independence:

    On-line platforms decouple the act of cost from bodily location. Property house owners not have to reside in Jamaica or go to particular authorities places of work to meet their tax obligations. Whether or not touring overseas, residing in a unique parish, or just preferring the comfort of residence, taxpayers can entry the net portal and remit cost from anyplace with an web connection. This geographic independence considerably expands accessibility and eliminates logistical obstacles related to conventional cost strategies.

  • Prolonged Cost Window:

    The 24/7 availability of on-line platforms extends the sensible cost window past conventional workplace hours. Taxpayers will not be restricted by banking hours or authorities workplace closures. This flexibility accommodates various schedules and time zones, significantly helpful for these residing overseas or with demanding work commitments. For example, a property proprietor working late can nonetheless submit cost on-line after conventional banking hours, avoiding potential late cost penalties.

  • Gadget Versatility:

    On-line cost programs usually assist entry by means of numerous gadgets, together with computer systems, tablets, and smartphones. This system versatility additional enhances accessibility, permitting taxpayers to make the most of their most well-liked system based mostly on their location and circumstances. A property proprietor can provoke cost on a desktop pc and later finalize it on their smartphone, providing a seamless and adaptable expertise.

  • Enhanced Effectivity and Time Financial savings:

    The “entry anyplace” functionality contributes considerably to general effectivity and time financial savings. Eliminating the necessity for bodily journey to authorities places of work or banks reduces time spent commuting and queuing. This streamlined course of permits property house owners to handle their tax obligations rapidly and conveniently, liberating up time for different actions. The time saved will be substantial, significantly for many who beforehand needed to journey lengthy distances to make in-person funds.

The “entry anyplace” attribute of on-line property tax cost programs in Jamaica essentially transforms the cost course of. By eradicating geographical limitations, extending cost home windows, and providing system versatility, on-line platforms improve accessibility, effectivity, and comfort for property house owners. This shift in the direction of higher accessibility not solely advantages particular person taxpayers but in addition strengthens the effectivity and effectiveness of the general tax assortment system.

9. Technical Help

Technical assist performs a vital function in guaranteeing the graceful operation of on-line property tax cost programs in Jamaica. It supplies a crucial hyperlink between customers and the technological infrastructure underpinning the net platform, addressing technical points, resolving person difficulties, and finally facilitating profitable tax remittance. The supply and effectiveness of technical assist straight affect person expertise and affect the broader adoption of on-line cost strategies. With out satisfactory technical assist, customers encountering difficulties could turn into pissed off, resulting in decreased utilization of the net system and doubtlessly hindering the general effectivity of tax assortment.

  • Troubleshooting Technical Points:

    Technical assist assists customers in resolving a variety of technical points that will come up in the course of the on-line cost course of. These can embody web site errors, login issues, cost gateway malfunctions, and browser compatibility points. For instance, a person encountering an error message throughout cost submission can contact technical assist for steering and determination. Immediate and efficient troubleshooting minimizes disruption and ensures customers can full their transactions efficiently.

  • Steering on Platform Navigation:

    Technical assist supplies steering to customers navigating the net platform. This will contain helping customers in finding particular options, understanding cost procedures, or decoding system messages. For example, a person unfamiliar with the net portal can contact technical assist for help in finding their property data or understanding the steps concerned in submitting a cost. This steering enhances person expertise and reduces the chance of errors or delays resulting from unfamiliarity with the system.

  • Addressing Safety Issues:

    Technical assist addresses person issues associated to safety and knowledge privateness. This consists of offering details about safety protocols, addressing suspected phishing makes an attempt, and helping customers who consider their accounts have been compromised. For instance, a person receiving a suspicious e-mail purportedly from the tax authority can contact technical assist to confirm its legitimacy and shield their account data. This proactive method strengthens person belief and safeguards delicate monetary knowledge.

  • Facilitating System Updates and Enhancements:

    Person suggestions collected by technical assist can inform system updates and enhancements. By figuring out recurring points and understanding person challenges, technical assist groups can present priceless insights to builders, resulting in enhancements in platform performance, usability, and safety. For example, if a number of customers report issue navigating a particular part of the web site, technical assist can relay this suggestions to builders, prompting enhancements in web site design and navigation. This steady suggestions loop enhances the general effectiveness and user-friendliness of the net cost platform.

The effectiveness of technical assist is integral to the success of on-line property tax cost programs in Jamaica. By addressing technical points, guiding customers, bolstering safety, and facilitating system enhancements, technical assist enhances person expertise, promotes wider adoption of on-line cost strategies, and finally contributes to a extra environment friendly and user-friendly tax assortment course of. Investing in strong and responsive technical assist is important for maximizing the potential of on-line platforms and realizing the total advantages of digital tax administration.

Incessantly Requested Questions

This part addresses widespread inquiries relating to on-line property tax funds in Jamaica. Readability on these factors can facilitate a smoother cost expertise and guarantee compliance with regulatory necessities.

Query 1: The place can one find the official on-line portal for property tax funds in Jamaica?

The official on-line portal for property tax funds is usually accessible by means of the web site of the Jamaican tax authority. Verifying the right web site deal with by means of official authorities communication channels is essential to keep away from fraudulent web sites.

Query 2: What data is required to finish an internet property tax cost?

Important data usually consists of the property’s Valuation Quantity, the cost quantity, and cost particulars particular to the chosen cost methodology (e.g., bank card quantity, checking account data). The web portal normally supplies clear directions relating to the mandatory data.

Query 3: What cost strategies are accepted for on-line property tax funds?

Accepted cost strategies usually embody main credit score/debit playing cards, on-line financial institution transfers, and doubtlessly different digital cost choices facilitated by means of approved third-party processors. The out there strategies are usually outlined on the official cost portal.

Query 4: What safety measures are in place to guard on-line property tax funds?

Safety measures usually embody knowledge encryption, safe socket layer (SSL) certificates, and doubtlessly multi-factor authentication. These measures intention to guard delicate monetary data and forestall unauthorized entry.

Query 5: What are the implications of lacking the property tax cost deadline?

Lacking the cost deadline can lead to penalties, curiosity costs on the excellent quantity, and doubtlessly authorized motion, together with liens on the property. Familiarization with cost deadlines and well timed cost are important to keep away from these penalties.

Query 6: What ought to one do if technical difficulties are encountered in the course of the on-line cost course of?

Contacting the technical assist workforce supplied by the tax authority is beneficial. Technical assist can help in troubleshooting points and guaranteeing profitable cost completion. Contact data for technical assist is usually out there on the official cost portal.

Understanding these key points of on-line property tax funds in Jamaica contributes to a smoother and extra environment friendly cost course of. It is suggested to seek the advice of the official sources supplied by the Jamaican tax authority for probably the most correct and up-to-date data.

The subsequent part will present a step-by-step information to navigating the net cost portal and finishing a property tax cost efficiently.

Suggestions for Navigating On-line Property Tax Funds in Jamaica

Environment friendly and well timed property tax funds contribute to accountable property possession and assist keep away from penalties. The following tips supply steering for navigating the net cost course of successfully.

Tip 1: Confirm the Official Cost Portal: Guarantee entry to the professional authorities portal to keep away from fraudulent web sites. Cross-check the web site deal with with official authorities sources earlier than coming into any delicate data.

Tip 2: Maintain the Valuation Quantity Helpful: The Valuation Quantity is essential for correct cost allocation. Having this quantity available streamlines the cost course of and prevents errors.

Tip 3: Perceive Out there Cost Strategies: Familiarize oneself with the accepted cost methodscredit/debit playing cards, on-line financial institution transfers, and so on.and select probably the most handy possibility. Understanding transaction charges and processing instances related to every methodology can inform decision-making.

Tip 4: Prioritize Safe Web Connections: Conduct on-line property tax transactions on safe networks to guard delicate monetary knowledge. Keep away from public Wi-Fi networks for these transactions.

Tip 5: Provoke Cost in Advance of Deadlines: Enable ample time for on-line cost processing and account for potential technical points. Final-minute funds enhance the chance of incurring late cost penalties.

Tip 6: Save or Print Affirmation Receipts: Retain affirmation receipts as proof of cost for record-keeping and potential dispute decision. Digital copies supply handy storage and retrieval.

Tip 7: Make the most of Technical Help Sources: Technical assist supplied by the tax authority can help with any technical difficulties encountered in the course of the cost course of. Do not hesitate to contact assist for help.

Tip 8: Keep Knowledgeable about Cost Insurance policies: Periodically evaluate the official authorities sources for updates to cost procedures, deadlines, or accepted cost strategies. Staying knowledgeable ensures continued compliance and environment friendly tax administration.

By adhering to those ideas, property house owners can navigate on-line tax funds effectively, securely, and keep away from potential issues. These practices contribute to accountable monetary administration and a optimistic interplay with the tax administration.

This text concludes with a abstract of key takeaways and proposals for additional exploration of property tax data in Jamaica.

Conclusion

This exploration of on-line property tax funds in Jamaica has highlighted the system’s key elements, advantages, and potential challenges. From the significance of the Valuation Quantity and safe transaction protocols to the comfort of numerous cost strategies and “entry anyplace” capabilities, the system gives important benefits over conventional cost strategies. Understanding cost deadlines, using affirmation receipts successfully, and accessing technical assist contribute to a smoother and extra compliant cost expertise. Adherence to greatest practices, together with verifying the official cost portal and initiating funds upfront of deadlines, mitigates potential dangers and maximizes the advantages of on-line platforms.

The shift in the direction of digital property tax funds displays a broader development in authorities service modernization. As know-how continues to evolve, additional enhancements and refinements to on-line cost programs will be anticipated. Continued engagement with official authorities sources and proactive adaptation to system updates will stay essential for property house owners navigating the evolving panorama of property tax administration in Jamaica. Environment friendly and knowledgeable utilization of those digital platforms contributes not solely to particular person compliance but in addition to the general effectiveness and modernization of the nationwide tax system.