8+ Premium 7 Color Chroma Ink Printing Sheets


8+ Premium 7 Color Chroma Ink Printing Sheets

A specialised substrate designed for high-fidelity picture copy makes use of expanded colour gamuts achievable by way of inks past the usual CMYK. These substrates are usually used for skilled photographic prints, artwork reproductions, and proofing purposes the place correct colour illustration is paramount. An instance utility could be making a print showcasing the vivid plumage of a tropical hen, capturing nuances unattainable with standard four-color processes.

The improved colour vary permits for higher vibrancy, smoother gradients, and a extra reasonable illustration of the unique topic. This expertise is essential in fields requiring colour accuracy, offering a big benefit over much less subtle printing strategies. The event of those superior printing methods arose from the constraints of normal four-color printing in reproducing particular colours and tones, notably inside vibrant or extremely saturated photos. This innovation has pushed developments in colour science and print expertise, resulting in greater high quality output for skilled purposes.

Additional exploration will delve into particular ink formulations, substrate traits, printer compatibility, and the colour administration programs mandatory for optimum outcomes. This may present a deeper understanding of the expertise and its sensible implications throughout varied industries.

1. Wider colour gamut

A wider colour gamut is key to the improved capabilities of specialised printing substrates designed for seven-color printing. This expanded vary of reproducible colours distinguishes these substrates from standard four-color printing (CMYK) and permits for extra correct and vibrant representations of supply photos.

  • Spectral Reflectance

    Spectral reflectance, the best way an object displays mild at completely different wavelengths, performs an important function in perceived colour. Wider gamuts embody a bigger portion of the seen spectrum, permitting copy of colours unattainable with CMYK, akin to vibrant blues, greens, and reds. This interprets to a extra devoted copy of authentic paintings or images.

  • Shade Accuracy in Replica

    Correct colour copy is important in skilled purposes like images, positive artwork printing, and proofing. A wider colour gamut minimizes colour discrepancies between the unique and the printed output, guaranteeing that delicate nuances and transitions are preserved. This degree of precision is usually important for consumer approval and sustaining colour integrity all through the workflow.

  • Ink Formulation and Interplay

    Reaching a wider gamut requires specialised ink formulations past cyan, magenta, yellow, and black. These extra inks, usually orange, inexperienced, and violet, develop the vary of achievable colours. The exact interplay and layering of those inks on the substrate are essential for correct colour mixing and copy.

  • Perceptual Influence and Visible Attraction

    The expanded colour palette provided by a wider gamut enhances the visible affect of printed supplies. Larger vibrancy, smoother gradients, and extra lifelike illustration contribute to the next perceived high quality and create a extra partaking viewing expertise. That is notably vital for advertising and marketing supplies and high-end merchandise the place visible enchantment performs a big function.

In abstract, the broader colour gamut facilitated by specialised seven-color printing substrates represents a big development in colour copy expertise. From capturing delicate spectral nuances to enhancing the general visible enchantment, this expanded colour vary delivers superior outcomes for skilled purposes the place colour constancy is paramount.

2. Enhanced Shade Vibrancy

Enhanced colour vibrancy is a defining attribute of prints produced utilizing specialised substrates and expanded colour gamuts. This vibrancy straight outcomes from the broader vary of colours achievable with inks past the usual CMYK set. Understanding the elements contributing to this enhanced vibrancy is essential for appreciating some great benefits of this superior printing course of.

  • Mild Absorption and Reflection

    Shade vibrancy is perceived primarily based on how mild interacts with a printed floor. Pigments within the specialised inks soak up particular wavelengths of sunshine whereas reflecting others. The expanded ink set permits for extra exact management over these interactions, leading to extra saturated and vibrant colours. For example, a seven-color course of can reproduce the extraordinary hues of a sundown or the deep blues of a tropical ocean with higher accuracy than CMYK.

  • Ink Formulation and Purity

    The chemical composition of the inks performs a big function in colour vibrancy. Excessive-quality inks formulated for these specialised printing processes make the most of purer pigments, resulting in extra intense colour saturation. This purity minimizes undesirable mild absorption, guaranteeing that the mirrored mild corresponds extra intently to the specified colour, leading to a extra vibrant print.

  • Substrate Interplay and Optimization

    The substrate, or printing floor, is engineered to work together optimally with the specialised inks. Its floor properties, together with smoothness and absorbency, affect how the inks lay down and dry, impacting the ultimate colour vibrancy. Specialised coatings can additional improve colour copy by minimizing ink bleed and maximizing colour density.

  • Perceptual Variations and Visible Influence

    The human eye is extra delicate to sure colour variations. The expanded gamut exploits this sensitivity by together with inks concentrating on these areas, akin to orange, inexperienced, and violet. This leads to a noticeable improve in perceived vibrancy, notably in areas with excessive colour saturation, like brightly coloured flowers or intensely hued materials. The general visible affect is extra placing and lifelike.

The improved colour vibrancy achievable with these specialised printing processes is a big benefit for purposes requiring high-fidelity colour copy. By fastidiously controlling ink formulation, substrate properties, and light-weight interplay, this expertise delivers prints with distinctive visible affect and accuracy, surpassing the constraints of standard four-color printing.

3. Specialised Ink Formulations

Specialised ink formulations are integral to the improved colour copy capabilities of substrates designed for seven-color printing. These formulations prolong past the standard cyan, magenta, yellow, and black (CMYK) inks by incorporating extra colours, usually orange, inexperienced, and violet (or variations thereof). This expanded gamut permits for extra correct copy of a wider vary of colours, notably inside vibrant and saturated hues. The chemical properties and interplay of those inks are essential for attaining the specified colour output on the specialised substrate. For example, the viscosity, floor pressure, and pigment focus are fastidiously calibrated to make sure optimum ink stream, droplet formation, and adhesion to the substrate. Exact colour mixing in the course of the printing course of depends closely on the particular traits of those specialised inks.

The affect of specialised ink formulations is instantly obvious when evaluating a seven-color print to a normal CMYK print. A panorama {photograph} containing a vibrant sundown, for instance, would exhibit richer oranges, reds, and yellows within the seven-color model as a result of inclusion of orange ink and the optimized interplay of different inks throughout the expanded gamut. Equally, reproducing paintings containing deep blues and greens advantages considerably from the inclusion of inexperienced and violet inks, leading to extra correct colour illustration in comparison with the constraints of CMYK. These developments in ink formulation have sensible significance throughout varied fields, together with skilled images, positive artwork copy, and high-end product packaging, the place colour accuracy and vibrancy are paramount. The power to breed particular Pantone colours or company model colours with higher constancy is a big benefit afforded by these specialised ink units.

In abstract, specialised ink formulations are important for maximizing the potential of seven-color printing substrates. Their tailor-made chemical properties, mixed with an expanded colour gamut, allow a big enchancment in colour accuracy and vibrancy. This interprets to greater high quality output for demanding purposes the place devoted colour copy is important. Continued growth in ink expertise guarantees additional developments in colour copy capabilities, pushing the boundaries of what’s achievable in print media.

4. Exact colour copy

Exact colour copy is a defining attribute and first goal of using specialised substrates designed for seven-color printing. The expanded colour gamut provided by inks past the usual CMYK course of straight permits the next diploma of colour accuracy. This precision stems from the power to breed a broader vary of colours, capturing delicate nuances and transitions usually misplaced in standard four-color printing. The connection between the expanded gamut and exact colour copy is key to understanding some great benefits of this expertise. For example, contemplate reproducing the colourful plumage of a Scarlet Macaw. Normal CMYK printing usually struggles to seize the nuanced reds, yellows, and blues, leading to a much less vibrant and correct illustration. Nevertheless, using a seven-color course of with inks akin to orange, inexperienced, and violet permits for a extra devoted copy, capturing the delicate variations throughout the hen’s feathers and attaining a end result nearer to the true colours.

This degree of precision has important sensible purposes. In skilled images, correct colour is essential for conveying the photographer’s creative intent and guaranteeing the ultimate print matches the captured picture. Equally, in fields like positive artwork copy, the power to duplicate the unique paintings’s colours precisely is paramount for preserving the artist’s imaginative and prescient and the piece’s worth. Contemplate reproducing a portray containing a selected shade of turquoise. Seven-color printing can obtain a a lot nearer match to this particular colour in comparison with CMYK, which could solely approximate the hue. This accuracy is significant for sustaining the integrity of the paintings and satisfying discerning purchasers. Moreover, industries counting on exact colour communication, akin to product packaging and model administration, profit considerably from the improved accuracy provided by seven-color printing. Reproducing particular company model colours or Pantone shades precisely is essential for sustaining model consistency throughout varied advertising and marketing supplies.

Exact colour copy, achieved by way of specialised inks and substrates designed for seven-color printing, represents a big development in printing expertise. This functionality has profound implications for varied industries demanding high-fidelity colour illustration. Challenges stay, akin to guaranteeing constant colour administration throughout completely different printing units and substrates. Nevertheless, the continuing growth of ink formulations, substrate applied sciences, and colour administration programs continues to refine this course of, pushing the boundaries of colour accuracy in print media.

5. Skilled purposes

Specialised printing processes using expanded colour gamuts discover essential purposes in skilled fields demanding exact colour accuracy and excessive visible constancy. These purposes leverage the improved colour vary and vibrancy achievable with these superior printing methods to provide superior outcomes in comparison with commonplace four-color printing strategies.

  • Excessive-Finish Pictures Prints

    Skilled photographers make the most of these specialised substrates and inks to provide exhibition-quality prints that precisely seize the nuances of their work. Reproducing the delicate gradations of a sundown or the colourful hues of a tropical panorama requires a wider colour gamut than commonplace CMYK can supply. These prints usually command premium costs and function portfolio centerpieces, showcasing the photographer’s ability and creative imaginative and prescient.

  • Fantastic Artwork Replica

    Reproducing paintings precisely requires exact colour matching and a large tonal vary. Seven-color printing processes excel on this space, permitting for devoted recreations of authentic work, watercolors, and different creative mediums. Museums, galleries, and personal collectors make the most of this expertise to create high-quality reproductions for archival functions, academic supplies, or business sale. The power to precisely replicate the artist’s meant colours is paramount on this utility.

  • Pre-Press Proofing

    Within the pre-press stage of printing, correct proofs are important for verifying colour accuracy earlier than mass manufacturing. Specialised substrates printed with expanded ink units present a extremely correct illustration of the ultimate printed product. This permits designers and printers to establish and proper any colour discrepancies early within the course of, minimizing expensive errors and guaranteeing the ultimate product meets the consumer’s expectations.

  • Excessive-Finish Packaging and Advertising and marketing Supplies

    Luxurious manufacturers and merchandise usually make the most of specialised printing methods to create visually placing packaging and advertising and marketing supplies. The improved colour vibrancy and accuracy afforded by expanded gamuts contribute to a premium aesthetic, reinforcing model identification and attracting discerning customers. Reproducing particular Pantone colours or company model colours exactly is essential on this context.

These numerous skilled purposes spotlight some great benefits of using specialised printing processes with expanded colour gamuts. The power to attain exact colour copy, enhanced vibrancy, and a wider tonal vary interprets straight into greater high quality output for demanding industries the place colour accuracy is paramount. As expertise continues to advance, these purposes will possible develop additional, driving innovation in print media and pushing the boundaries of colour copy capabilities.

6. Excessive-quality substrates

Excessive-quality substrates are important for maximizing the potential of expanded gamut printing utilizing seven-color processes. The substrate, the fabric upon which the ink is deposited, performs an important function in colour copy accuracy, vibrancy, and total print longevity. Particular substrate traits straight affect ink absorption, drying time, and colour consistency. An unsuitable substrate can result in points akin to ink bleed, mottle, or a uninteresting look, compromising the advantages of the expanded colour gamut. Contemplate, as an example, printing a vibrant panorama {photograph} on a low-quality, absorbent paper. The ink may bleed into the paper fibers, leading to a lack of element and muted colours. Conversely, a high-quality, coated paper designed for photographic printing would keep the ink’s integrity, leading to sharper particulars and extra vibrant colours.

The interaction between ink and substrate is essential. Excessive-quality substrates designed for seven-color printing usually characteristic specialised coatings optimized for the particular ink set used. These coatings management ink absorption and drying, selling uniform ink distribution and minimizing dot acquire. This leads to sharper photos, smoother gradients, and extra correct colour copy. Moreover, archival high quality substrates supply enhanced longevity, defending prints from fading and degradation over time. Within the context of positive artwork copy, that is important for preserving the paintings’s worth and guaranteeing its longevity. For instance, a museum reproducing a precious portray would go for an archival high quality substrate to make sure the copy stays vibrant and correct for generations to return.

In abstract, high-quality substrates are integral to realizing the total potential of seven-color expanded gamut printing. The substrate’s traits considerably affect ink conduct, colour accuracy, and print longevity. Choosing an applicable substrate optimized for the particular ink set and meant utility is essential for attaining professional-grade outcomes. Whereas value concerns may tempt some to make the most of lower-quality substrates, the compromises in colour accuracy and print longevity usually outweigh any perceived value financial savings, notably in skilled purposes the place picture high quality is paramount. Additional analysis and growth in substrate expertise proceed to refine these supplies, pushing the boundaries of print high quality and longevity.

7. Superior printing expertise

Superior printing expertise is intrinsically linked to the efficient utilization of specialised substrates designed for seven-color chroma ink printing. These substrates, able to showcasing expanded colour gamuts, necessitate printing applied sciences able to exactly dealing with and depositing a number of ink formulations. The connection is certainly one of interdependence: the substrate supplies the canvas, whereas the superior printing expertise acts because the meticulously managed brush. Contemplate the exact droplet measurement and placement required for seven inks in comparison with the usual 4. Superior print heads, usually piezoelectric, are essential for attaining this degree of management, guaranteeing uniform ink distribution and minimizing dot acquire. This precision is key to realizing the total potential of the expanded gamut, translating into smoother gradients, finer particulars, and extra correct colour copy. With out these developments in print head expertise, the advantages of the specialised substrate could be considerably diminished. Moreover, subtle colour administration programs are important. These programs guarantee correct colour illustration all through the workflow, from picture seize to remaining print. They account for variations in ink, substrate, and printing circumstances, guaranteeing constant and predictable outcomes.

An actual-world instance may be discovered within the manufacturing of high-end artwork reproductions. Reproducing a portray with a variety of colours, together with delicate transitions and vibrant hues, requires superior printing expertise able to dealing with the complexities of a seven-color course of. Older printing applied sciences, restricted to four-color CMYK, merely can not obtain the identical degree of constancy. The sensible significance of this understanding lies within the potential to pick applicable printing applied sciences for particular purposes. Selecting a printer incapable of dealing with the calls for of seven-color printing on a specialised substrate would lead to suboptimal output, negating the advantages of the expanded gamut. This understanding informs buying choices, workflow optimization, and in the end, the standard of the ultimate product. Moreover, the continuing growth of superior printing applied sciences continues to develop the probabilities of seven-color printing. Improvements in print head design, ink supply programs, and colour administration software program promise even higher colour accuracy, quicker printing speeds, and enhanced substrate compatibility.

In abstract, the connection between superior printing expertise and seven-color chroma ink printing sheets is symbiotic. The substrate supplies the potential for enhanced colour copy, whereas superior printing expertise unlocks that potential. Understanding this connection is essential for knowledgeable decision-making in skilled printing environments. As expertise continues to evolve, additional developments in printing expertise will undoubtedly drive additional refinements in colour copy capabilities, increasing the purposes and artistic potentialities of seven-color printing on specialised substrates. Challenges stay, together with the associated fee and complexity of those superior programs. Nevertheless, the pursuit of ever-greater colour accuracy and print high quality continues to gas innovation on this area.

8. Detailed picture rendering

Detailed picture rendering is intrinsically linked to the capabilities of specialised substrates designed for seven-color chroma ink printing. The expanded colour gamut and specialised ink formulations inherent in these programs facilitate a degree of element unattainable with standard four-color printing. This exploration delves into the particular aspects contributing to enhanced picture rendering, highlighting the interaction between substrate, ink, and printing expertise.

  • Tonal Gradations and Clean Transitions

    Delicate tonal gradations and easy transitions are essential for rendering intricate particulars, particularly in photographic photos. The expanded colour palette provided by seven-color printing permits for finer management over colour mixing and transitions. Contemplate the graceful transition from the deep shadows to the intense highlights in a portrait. Seven-color printing excels in reproducing these delicate shifts, leading to a extra lifelike and detailed illustration. This nuanced rendering is usually misplaced in four-color printing, the place banding or posterization can happen in areas with gradual colour adjustments.

  • Sharpness and Fantastic Element Decision

    Sharpness and positive element decision are important for capturing intricate textures and positive strains. Specialised substrates, usually that includes optimized coatings, work together with the exactly formulated inks to reduce ink bleed and maximize edge sharpness. This permits for the correct copy of positive particulars, akin to the fragile veins in a flower petal or the intricate patterns on a butterfly’s wing. These particulars may seem blurred or vague when printed with standard CMYK processes on much less specialised substrates.

  • Shade Accuracy and Vibrancy’s Contribution to Element

    Correct colour copy and enhanced vibrancy are basic to detailed picture rendering. The expanded colour gamut provided by seven-color printing permits for the exact copy of a wider vary of hues, saturations, and brightness ranges. This accuracy is essential for capturing the delicate colour variations that contribute to the general element of a picture. Contemplate a panorama {photograph} containing quite a lot of greens within the foliage. Seven-color printing can differentiate and reproduce these delicate variations, including depth and realism to the picture. CMYK printing may simplify these colour variations, leading to a much less detailed and fewer lifelike illustration.

  • Substrate Affect on Ink Conduct and Element

    The substrate performs a important function in detailed picture rendering. Its floor properties, together with smoothness, absorbency, and coating, straight affect ink conduct and element copy. Excessive-quality substrates designed for seven-color printing are engineered to reduce ink bleed and maximize ink density, leading to sharper edges, finer particulars, and extra vibrant colours. This interplay between ink and substrate is key to attaining the total potential of detailed picture rendering, notably in purposes requiring excessive constancy, akin to positive artwork copy or skilled images prints.

These interconnected aspects exhibit the synergistic relationship between detailed picture rendering and seven-color chroma ink printing. The expanded colour gamut, exact ink formulations, superior printing applied sciences, and high-quality substrates work in live performance to attain a degree of element unattainable with standard printing strategies. This functionality has important implications for skilled purposes the place correct and detailed picture copy is paramount, from showcasing the nuances of a photographic masterpiece to faithfully reproducing the intricate particulars of a priceless paintings.

Steadily Requested Questions

This part addresses widespread inquiries concerning substrates designed for seven-color printing processes, providing concise and informative responses.

Query 1: What’s the major benefit of utilizing a specialised substrate for seven-color printing?

Enhanced colour accuracy and a wider colour gamut are the principal benefits. These substrates are particularly designed to work together optimally with expanded ink units, leading to extra vibrant and correct colour copy in comparison with commonplace four-color printing.

Query 2: Are these substrates suitable with all printer varieties?

Compatibility varies relying on the particular substrate and printer. Printers designed for expanded gamut printing, usually using superior piezoelectric print heads, are typically required to attain optimum outcomes. Consulting printer specs and substrate producer suggestions is crucial.

Query 3: How do these substrates contribute to improved picture high quality?

Specialised coatings and floor properties of those substrates optimize ink absorption and drying, leading to sharper picture element, smoother colour transitions, and diminished ink bleed. This contributes considerably to improved total picture high quality.

Query 4: Are these substrates dearer than commonplace printing paper?

Sometimes, sure. The specialised coatings, tighter manufacturing tolerances, and optimized properties for expanded gamut printing contribute to the next value per sheet in comparison with commonplace printing papers.

Query 5: What are the standard purposes for prints produced on these substrates?

Frequent purposes embrace high-end images prints, positive artwork reproductions, pre-press proofing, and advertising and marketing supplies requiring exact colour accuracy and vibrancy. These purposes leverage the expanded colour gamut and enhanced picture high quality.

Query 6: How does colour administration affect the ultimate print high quality on these substrates?

Correct colour administration is essential. Correctly calibrated colour profiles, particular to the substrate and ink set, guarantee colour consistency all through the workflow, from picture seize to the ultimate printed output. Inconsistent colour administration can negate the advantages of the expanded gamut.

Understanding these key features of specialised printing substrates is essential for knowledgeable decision-making in skilled printing environments. Cautious consideration of substrate properties, printer compatibility, and colour administration procedures ensures optimum outcomes when using seven-color printing processes.

Additional exploration of particular substrate producers, printer applied sciences, and colour administration workflows is advisable for these looking for a deeper understanding of this specialised printing course of.

Suggestions for Optimizing Seven-Shade Printing

Maximizing the advantages of expanded gamut printing requires cautious consideration to a number of key elements. The next suggestions present sensible steerage for attaining optimum outcomes with specialised substrates and seven-color ink units.

Tip 1: Substrate Choice: Selecting the proper substrate is paramount. Substrate properties, together with weight, coating, and brightness, considerably affect ink absorption and colour copy. Seek the advice of substrate producer suggestions for optimum compatibility with particular ink units and printing applied sciences. For example, a matte end substrate may be appropriate for positive artwork copy, whereas a shiny end may be most popular for vibrant photographic prints.

Tip 2: Printer Compatibility: Confirm printer compatibility with the chosen substrate and ink set. Superior printing applied sciences, usually using piezoelectric print heads, are typically required for exact ink droplet placement and management, important for realizing the total potential of expanded gamut printing. Utilizing an incompatible printer could lead to suboptimal colour accuracy and picture high quality.

Tip 3: Shade Administration: Correct colour administration is essential. Using correctly calibrated colour profiles, tailor-made to the particular substrate and ink set, ensures colour consistency all through the workflow. Common calibration and profiling are important for sustaining correct colour illustration from picture seize to the ultimate printed output. Neglecting colour administration can result in important colour discrepancies and diminished print high quality.

Tip 4: Ink Choice: Choose high-quality inks particularly formulated for expanded gamut printing. These inks usually incorporate extra colours past CMYK, akin to orange, inexperienced, and violet, to broaden the achievable colour vary. Utilizing inferior inks can compromise colour vibrancy, accuracy, and print longevity.

Tip 5: Viewing Atmosphere: Contemplate the meant viewing atmosphere for the ultimate print. Ambient lighting circumstances can considerably affect colour notion. Smooth proofing below managed lighting circumstances can help in predicting the ultimate print’s look and making mandatory changes in the course of the modifying course of.

Tip 6: Check Prints and Changes: Earlier than committing to a full manufacturing run, conduct take a look at prints on the chosen substrate with the chosen ink set. Consider these take a look at prints below managed lighting circumstances and make any mandatory changes to paint, distinction, or sharpness to attain the specified end result. Check prints decrease expensive errors and make sure the remaining output meets high quality requirements.

Tip 7: Correct Storage and Dealing with: Correct storage and dealing with of each substrates and inks are essential for sustaining their high quality and longevity. Retailer substrates in a cool, dry atmosphere, away from direct daylight and humidity. Retailer inks in keeping with producer suggestions to stop untimely drying or degradation. Cautious dealing with minimizes the danger of floor harm or contamination, which might negatively affect print high quality.

Adherence to those pointers ensures optimum utilization of specialised substrates and seven-color ink units, maximizing colour accuracy, picture element, and print longevity in skilled purposes.

By understanding these key elements and implementing greatest practices, one can obtain distinctive outcomes, pushing the boundaries of colour copy in print media. The next conclusion synthesizes these rules and gives remaining suggestions for maximizing the potential of seven-color printing applied sciences.

Conclusion

Exploration of superior printing processes using expanded colour gamuts reveals important benefits over standard four-color strategies. Specialised substrates designed for seven-color ink units supply enhanced colour accuracy, vibrancy, and element rendering. Cautious consideration of substrate properties, ink formulation, printer compatibility, and colour administration is essential for realizing the total potential of those superior printing applied sciences. Excessive-quality substrates, usually that includes specialised coatings, optimize ink interplay and contribute to sharper picture element and smoother colour transitions. Exact ink formulations, incorporating extra colours past CMYK, develop the achievable colour vary and improve colour vibrancy. Superior printing applied sciences, akin to piezoelectric print heads, guarantee exact ink droplet placement and management, maximizing colour accuracy and picture decision. Correct colour administration, by way of calibrated colour profiles and constant workflows, maintains colour constancy all through the printing course of. These interconnected parts work in live performance to attain superior print high quality, pushing the boundaries of colour copy.

Additional developments in ink formulations, substrate applied sciences, and printing processes promise continued refinement of expanded gamut printing capabilities. As these applied sciences mature, wider adoption throughout varied industries is anticipated, driving innovation and increasing inventive potentialities in print media. Understanding the interaction of those elements is essential for knowledgeable decision-making, enabling professionals to leverage the total potential of seven-color printing and obtain distinctive outcomes. Continued exploration and experimentation are inspired to completely understand the transformative affect of those developments on the way forward for colour copy in print.